Penglipuran Village is located in Bangli Regency, Bali, in a cool and green highland area. It’s widely known as one of the cleanest villages in the world, but its main attraction lies beyond its cleanliness.
Penglipuran is a living example of how traditional Balinese spatial planning, customary values, and environmental awareness can coexist harmoniously. Amidst the tide of modernization and mass tourism, this village has managed to maintain its identity and local wisdom.
*Spatial Planning Based on Traditional Philosophy
The uniqueness of Penglipuran Village is most clearly seen in its highly organized and symmetrical spatial planning. Residents’ houses are neatly lined up along the main road that runs straight from north to south.
This pattern is not accidental, but rather the result of the application of the Tri Mandala concept, a Balinese spatial philosophy that divides an area into three zones based on their level of sanctity.
The main zone in the north serves as a sacred area, the central zone as a residential area, and the outer zone as an area for supporting activities.
Each house has a matching traditional gate, creating a harmonious and calming visual impression. Although they appear similar from the outside, each house retains a strong family identity on the inside.
This spatial arrangement is not only aesthetically pleasing but also reflects social order and the balance between humans, nature, and spirituality.
*Preserving Custom as a Pillar of Village Life
The Penglipuran community still adheres to customs passed down through generations. Customary rules, or awig-awig, govern almost all aspects of village life, from spatial planning and religious ceremonies to social behavior.
One clear example is the long-standing prohibition on polygamy in this village, reflecting the values of equality and social harmony.
Traditional ceremonies and religious rituals are still performed regularly, involving all villagers. These activities not only strengthen social bonds but also serve as a means of cultural education for the younger generation.
In this way, customs are not treated as relics of the past, but rather as an active part of everyday life.
*Environmental and Cultural-Based Tourism
Penglipuran Village is becoming known as a tourist destination due to its unique spatial layout and preserved culture. However, tourism management in this village is carried out with a very careful approach.
Villagers are the main actors in tourism management, from entrance fees and cleanliness to the provision of local products. Revenue from tourism is then reinvested for the common good, such as environmental maintenance and the preservation of traditional customs.
The number and activities of tourists are regulated so as not to disrupt the daily lives of residents. No large hotels are being built within the village, and the houses that receive guests retain their traditional architecture.
Thus, tourism does not change the face of the village, but rather strengthens the reasons for preserving it.
*Commitment to Environmental Preservation
One of the most impressive aspects of Penglipuran Village is its commitment to environmental sustainability. The village has strict rules regarding cleanliness and waste management.
Every resident is responsible for maintaining the area around their home, while the bamboo forest surrounding the village is protected as a green area and an important natural resource.
The bamboo forest not only serves as an environmental buffer but also as a source of building materials and traditional crafts. Its use is carried out wisely, ensuring that natural regeneration is maintained.
This approach demonstrates that environmental conservation and economic development can go hand in hand.
*Inspiration for Sustainable Tourism
The success of Penglipuran Village is proof that tourism does not have to destroy culture and the environment. By utilizing tradition and nature as its foundation, the village is able to attract tourists seeking authentic experiences while maintaining the quality of life of its residents.
The community-based tourism model implemented by Penglipuran is now often used as an example for other villages in Bali and throughout Indonesia.
Penglipuran teaches that true development does not always mean major changes, but often lies in the ability to maintain existing values.
In the simplicity of its spatial planning and the steadfastness of its customs, this village offers important lessons about balance, sustainability, and a more responsible future for tourism.